How to be an Anti-Racist
Ibram Kendi
Summary
A controversial book but one of the more impactful books I've read. Ibram is a historian of race and discriminatory policy in America and does a fantastic job of explaining how the systems created in America are racist.
Rating: 4/5
Notes
Racist ideas make people of colour think less of themselves and white people more of themselves
The function of racist ideas is to manipulate you into seeing the people as the problems instead of the policies than ensnare them
Racist policy = systemic, structural and institutional racism
There is no such thing as a not-racist idea: either it’s racist or anti-racist idea
Do nothing climate policy is racist policy since pre-dominantly non-white south is victimized more than the whiter global north, even as the north contributes to its acceleration
There is no greater consequence of white privilege than life itself
Racist voting policy (Jim crow, voter-ID and mass incarceration)
The Reagan revolution was done for the already powerful: less taxes, less regulations, more military and weaker unions, cutting social insurance spending
We’ve been trained to see the deficiencies in people rather than the policy
Assimilationist ideas are racist because it implies you need to assimilate into white culture and they are the gold standard
Powerful economic, political and cultural self-interest is behind racist policies
We can’t all be one human race, because race is a mirage but one that humanity has organized itself around in real ways
Ethnic racism involves racist ideas about an ethnic group
The central double standard of ethnic racism: loving one’s position on the ladder over other ethnic groups and hating one’s position below other ethnic groups
Violent crime is more clearly correlated to unemployment than race
Individual stories are the only proof of behaviour of individuals, not a whole race
Attribution effect: when you take personal credit for any success even when it’s outside of your control
Standardized tests have always been a racialized and class problem
- The racial problem is the opportunity gap, not the achievement gap
There is a difference b/w racist policymakers and white people
Racist power produces racist policies out of self-interest and then produces racist ideas to justify that policy
White supremacist is code for anti-white/anti-human
Black people do have power, even if limited. White people have been mind controlling black people which robs them of a power to resist
Black people can be racist, just like other people
Upward mobility is greater for whites and downward mobility is greater for blacks
To love capitalism is to end up loving racism. To love racism is to end up loving capitalism
Power of spoken word is in the power of the word spoken
It is best to challenge ourselves by dragging ourselves before people who intimidate us with their brilliance and constructive criticism
If a person has no reward of power or policy change, than that person is not an activist
Success is the dark road we fear where anti-racist policy and power pre-eminate
Institutionally racist policies is more concrete than institutional racism
Racist: someone who supports racist policies or expresses racist ideas
The source of racist ideas was not ignorance or hate but self-interest
***
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How the World Works
Noam Chomsky
Summary
A combination of books Chomsky wrote in the 80s and 90s about America and it's role in the world. Fascinating read and insight into one of the great thinkers of the 21st century
Rating: 5/5
Notes
The US invaded Greece in 1947 and supported a horrendous war which led to 160k Greek deaths. This was the model for Vietnam and allowed American business to gain and thrive
US policies in the 3rd world consistently opposed democracies if they couldn’t be controlled as real democracies believe government should respond to the needs of their own population rather than those of US investors
US-run contra forces in the 3rd world isn’t ordering killing - it’s brutal sadistic torture (Nicaragua, El Salvador, Guatemala)
From the Bolshevik revolution in 1917 till the collapse of the communist governments in eastern europe in the 80s, it was possible to justify every US attack as defense against the Soviets
If you want a global system that’s subordinated to the needs of US investors, you can’t let pieces of it wander off. It’s clearly stated in the documents of record
The US wants ‘stability’ meaning security for the upper classes and large foreign businesses
Solid case for impeaching every American president since World War 2 either outright as war criminals or involved in serious war crimes
El Salvador and Nicaragua were not covered by the US media in the 70s when US-supported brutal torture and murder were taking place
In the early 80s, America’s friends slaughtered 10s of thousands of Guatemalans with countless others tortured and raped
After Vietnam, the major US policy goal has been to maximize repression and suffering of countries demonstrated by their violence - blocked other countries from seeking aid
The US regularly carries out or supports aggression
For most of the 20th century, the US was the dominant economic power and used economic warfare as a weapon ranging from illegal embargoes to enforcement of weak IMF rules with their military becoming pre-eminent
The US tries to avoid negotiations with countries as the US fears it will lose and other countries will be better off
When a state has huge debts, it must divert the population from what’s happening and they do this by inspiring fear of our enemies (Russia in Europe)
The real enemy of the US has always been ‘the poor who seek to plunder the rich’. In America, it’s the opposite and has been for generations
‘The war on drugs’ was a manufactured media blitz by the US leadership to distract the population, increase repression in inner cities and build support for attack on civil liberties
The US government blocks international effort to seek peace (Russia and Ukraine)
Major media are large companies owned and interlinked with even larger conglomerates. The market is the advertisers and the product is audiences
The power in the US lies in the hands of people who determine investment decisions as they determine production, distribution and staff the government. They want a passive, quiescent population
The struggle of freedom is never over and requires active and sustained efforts
One important consequence of globalization is it extends the third world model to industrial nations where the average person has their jobs shipped away while the rich and elite continue to amass massive amounts of wealth
We’ve moved to an international state with the IMF, World Bank, G7 & EU, WEF where the general population doesn’t know what’s happening and it doesn’t know it doesn’t know
If the borrowing the US has done was used for constructive purposes like investment or infrastructure, the US would be better off, but it was used to enrich the rich - for consumption, financial manipulation and speculation which are all harmful
The class warfare of the last few decades has successfully weakened popular organizations leaving people to feel isolated
The US is so deeply in debt to the international financial community because of debt that they have a lock on US policy
Many of the large number of security council resolutions vetoed by the US have to do with Israeli aggression or atrocities
Invaders typically use local collaborators to run things for them by playing upon existing rivalries to get onne group to work for them against another
European wars were wars of extermination. If we were to be honest about history, we would simply describe it as barbarian invasion
There has always been racism but it developed as a leading principle of thought in the context of colonialism.
A standard technique of belief formation goes along with oppression
In the US, you’re not allowed to talk about the class differences, which is the real issue
When the US establishment talks about jobs, it means profits for its corporations
The elite are masters and they follow what Adam Smith said about ‘the vile maxim’ - all for ourselves and nothing for anyone else
People who aren’t owners and investors have nothing much to say in the US
Jefferson warned against banking institutions and corporations and said if they grow, aristocrats would’ve won and the revolution would’ve been lost
The ‘Free market’ is for the poor. We have a dual system - protection for the rich and market discipline for everyone else
There’s been a considerable increase in inequality and has the American society moving towards a third world model, thereby seeing increased crime and signs of social disintegration
A huge area of the media is dedicated to diverting people and making them more stupid and passive
There’s nothing individualistic about corporations who are totalitarian in nature
Free trade agreements result in reduced wages for local employees while predominantly benefiting the rich consumer while also destroying unions
Operation Paper Clip imported large number of known Nazi criminals
The American army’s counter-insurgency literature begins with an analysis of the German experience in Europe written with the co-operation of Naxi officials (instruments of statecraft - book)
US involvement in Chile with the coup in 1973 to reduce social democracy
The threat of a good empire is what the US worried about with reforms on uncontrolled capitalism
The US killed a few million people and destoryed 3 countries during the Vietnam war
A huge amount of business propaganda is to create wants
The answers to solve all these issues is to organize. Being alone you can’t do anything but if you join with other people, you can make changes
Under capitalism, investment is supposed to be as risk free as possible. No competition wants free markets - what they want is power
The government subsidizes corporations’ costs, protects them from market risks and lets them keep the profits
There’s never been much difference between the 2 business parties and the differences are disappearing
The CIA has been involved in drug running for generations (the politics of heroin book)
You need something to frighten people with, to prevent them from paying attention to what’s really happening to them. You have to engender fear and hatred
The first world lives in a highly indoctrinated society
Neoliberalism is nothing more than the imperial formula: free markets for you and plenty of protection for me. The rich would never accept it but they’re happy to impose it on the poor
The UN does mostly what US business wants
‘Politics is the shadow cast on society by big business’ - John Devery
If people dedicate themselves to organizing and activism, we’ll gain access to broader audiences
If you extrapolate to the future, it’s very ugly but the point is it’s not inevitable. It can be changed but we can’t change things till we understand them.
***
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